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Goingsnake Massacre
The Goingsnake Massacre was a shootout that occurred during a trial in the Cherokee court system on April 15, 1872, in the Goingsnake District of the Cherokee Nation. Ezekial "Zeke" Proctor was being tried for killing Polly Beck and wounding Jim Kesterson in a shooting incident. The trial was highly charged due to the strong family ties of the accused and victims and because of a jurisdictional dispute between the Cherokee and United States courts. A federal posse consisting of ten United States Marshals was sent to attend the trial and to arrest Proctor on federal charges if he was acquitted. However, shooting broke out in the crowded courtroom during the proceedings, killing eight of the Marshals and three Cherokee citizens. The incident has also been called the Goingsnake Tragedy,〔Fourkiller, Nick and Wendell Cochran. 1983. Historic sites of the Cherokee Nation. Tahlequah, OK: Cross Cultural Education Center. p 61.〕 the Cherokee Courthouse Shootout〔(Smith, Robert Barr. 2004. Blood Bath at Going Snake: The Cherokee Courtroom Shootout. ''Wild West'' (via Historynet) )〕 and the Proctor-Beck Fight.〔( Cherokee Arts & Humanities Council: Zeke Proctor )〕
==Background==
During the Civil War, Ezekiel "Zeke" Proctor, a Cherokee from Georgia, fought for the Union Army, while all of the Beck family, also Cherokee, fought for the Confederate Army. Following the war, tensions between the Becks and the Proctors were high; mostly due to those former loyalties, but partly due to Proctor's alleged romantic interest in Polly Beck. Also, Proctor was a member of the Keetoowah Nighthawk Society, which strongly believed in the preservation of traditional ways, including a growing dislike of the European-American encroachment. This belief included disapproval of Cherokee women being involved romantically with white men. Thus, Proctor thought Polly should not be in a relationship with a white man, despite Proctor's and Polly Beck's fathers both having been white.
Proctor was the son of a known murderer and was often drunk. He once forced his way into a house where a young girl had been playing the piano; after she stopped, he held her at gunpoint and made her continue playing. He was involved in several saloon brawls in the small town of Cincinnati, Arkansas, but was also known for his trait of always returning afterward to pay for damages. He had also previously killed two Cherokee brothers from the Jaybird family.
Polly was said to have been an attractive woman of mixed race (her father being white). She was the widow of a Cherokee man, Steven Hilderbrand, who had been killed during the Civil War. She remarried several times, and Jim Kesterson or Chesterson,〔Federal Writers' Project 257〕 another white man, was either her fourth or fifth husband. Polly had one brother and two first cousins who were Deputy US Marshals.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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